We explore the nexus between sustainability and economic growth in Indonesia during 1990-2014 using an inclusive wealth framework, which covers the country’s unique resources and biodiversity. We found that Indonesia is considered to show a positive growth trend in its inclusive wealth. However, the population dilution effect outpaced the growth of wealth, so that the per capita inclusive wealth growth is negative. It is implied that the GDP per capita growth in Indonesia does not necessarily indicate sustainability. The depreciation of both renewable and non-renewable natural capital constitute the driving force in the declining wealth per capita. Despite this, sustainability has shown an improving trend, although in small magnitude, due to the produced and human capital growth rates. Returning to a sustainable path, Indonesia must increase its investments to post-positive gains at the rate of wealth growth and reduce the extraction amounts to levels that its productive base can maintain.