During this time period, microenterprise finance evolved into the shortened term microfinance. This is not simply a grammatical shortcut but rather a change in thinking and perspective. The focus shifted from making the microenterprise viable to making the microfinance provider viable. As Christen and Drake point out, this focus on profitability of microfinance providers is the heart of commercialization, and it is the heart of this book. This book approaches commercialization both from the standpoint of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) transforming into regulated financial institutions (see the chapters by White and Campion, and Otero and Chu) as well as exploring the for-profit sector delving into a 'market' normally served by NGOs (Mommartz and Schor, and Valenzuela). Meanwhile, Lennon and Richardson discuss a shifting from within as credit unions renovate and upgrade methodologies and standards of practice keeping pace with, and in some cases, out-distancing, the professionalization of the sector.