The United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) 2003 was adopted at the Diplomatic Conference in Merida, Mexico, in December 2003 and was opened for signature by participating countries. Indonesia played an active role in the negotiations, successfully including proposals related to public participation in the fight against corruption. The convention emphasizes preventive measures, criminalization of common forms of corruption, and international cooperation, including the return of assets obtained through corruption to the country of origin. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan described it as a remarkable achievement that complements other important instruments in combating organized crime.