The book is a compilation of the proceedings from the 5th Indonesia International Defense Science Seminar (IDSS) 2021, organized by the Republic of Indonesia Defense University in collaboration with the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. Held from December 1-2, 2021, this seminar served as a critical academic platform for discussing non-military defense threats. Opening speeches by Rear Admiral (Ret) Peter A. Gumataotao and Vice Admiral Prof. Dr. Ir. Amarulla Octavian emphasized the significance of civil-military cooperation in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for future non-military threats. The seminar featured 12 speakers from both domestic and international backgrounds, who shared insights on topics such as pandemic responses, the impact of COVID-19, international health security cooperation, and bio-security infrastructure. With over 768 participants, including academics, government officials, and civil society members, the seminar underscored the importance of integrated approaches to non-military defense challenges. This proceedings book encapsulates the engaging discussions and innovative solutions proposed during the event, reflecting the collaborative efforts essential for advancing defense science and addressing contemporary and future non-military threats.