Indonesia, with the world's fifth largest population which Continues to grow at 2.4 percent a year and with a per capita income which is less than 5 percent of that of OECD countries, cannot afford a slow-down in its economic development. At the same time Indonesia, with a rich but fragile ecology, with extensive but dwindling forest resources and with valuable but ignore depleting petroleum reserves, cannot ignore sustainability either. Thus, the critical question for Indonesia is not one of tradeoffs between development and sustainability, economy and ecology, present and future, but one of search for an alternative development path which is both rapid and sustainable. If, such a path exists, it clearly requires a positives integration of economy and ecology.