This book draws on the technical defence economics literature to provide an accessible introduction to the elements of military economics: security, military expenditures, the acquisition of troops and weapons, the arms industry, the arms trade, military operations and the economic consequences of defence spending. In the process, the book explores the many links between the military and the economy; provides a guide to non-technical literature; explains the economic concepts used; and illustrates these concepts with a range of military examples, contemporary and historical. Among the many links between the military and the economy is the fact that fighting and finance are often both driven by the same basic motives, fear and greed.